Most plants are resistant to most pathogens

Non-Host Resistance is likely based on a number of mechanisms

The plant basal defence system

MAMPS are recognized by receptors at the cell surface

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FLS2, the flagellin receptor was identified in Arabidopsis (Mol. Cell 5:1003-1011)

Knockout of the FLS2 receptor increases bacterial susceptibility (Zipfel et al.(2004). Bacterial disease resistance through flagellin perception in Arabidopsis. Nature, 428: 764-767)

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AvrPto inhibits FLS2 action

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So what’s the difference between MAMPs and AVR/Effector genes and between MAMP receptors and R-genes?

MAMPs are molecules that are highly conserved and found in a wide range of microbes, pathogens and non-pathogens alike. They do not necessarily play a direct role in pathogenesis.

Avr/Effector genes often supress MAMP-induced defences (alternatively they may supress other types of defence response.)

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RIN4 again

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Non-host resistance

Quantitative Disease Resistance

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Host-pathogen interactions: individual-level

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) control quantitative traits

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Finding dQTL

Why are we interested in Quantitative Resistance?

What do we know about Quantitative Resistance?

Disease Resistance QTL are everywhere!

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Is the dogma true- do these dichotomies really exist?

Is this dogma true- do these dichotomies really exist?

Is quantitative resistance really non-race –specific?

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